ABACUS

ABACUS

Guide:	Mr.A.Basheer Ahmed, Principal, DIET, Ranipet
Presenter:	G.Rajalakshmi, M.Sc.,

          We use Mathematics in each and every moment of our day-to-day life.  The importance of Mathematics and its Four Basic Operations are blended with our daily life.  The Technological world urges everyone to go ahead before it vanishes.  Therefore, it is essential to understand the Basic Concepts of Mathematics. 

Within a minute, we can easily do all Mathematical Operations by using Calculator or a Computer.  It is reliable.  However, our Intelligence and Wisdom play no role.

Are we not intelligent?

What happened to our Wisdom?

Is it not alive?

To modify this status, a Smart Machine ‘Abacus’ can be utilized.

This Machine is introduced by Tim Cranmer.

ABACUS INSTRUMENT:

          There are Five Parts in an Abacus Instrument.

o   The Abacus Instrument is in Rectangle Shape, it is fit in a Rectangular Frame.

o   There are two divisions inside the Rectangle Frame containing beads which are separated by a rod called Answer Line or Value Bar.

o   The Beads on the Top of Answer Line are called Upper Beads and the Beads in the Bottom of Answer Line are called Lower Beads.

o   The Sticks on which the Beads are hung or placed are called Rods.

o   Each rod contains Four Lower Beads and One Upper Bead.

HOLDING ABACUS:

The Commonly used Abacus machine is called Student Abacus Instrument and it should be placed in flat position on a plane. 

USES OF ABACUS:

Abacus is used to do tough Basic Arithmetic Operators, Decimal Calculation, Brain Calculations and It improves the Concentration, Observing Skills, Memory Capacity and Confidence.

VALUES OF BEADS IN ABACUS:

o   Like Numbers, Every Bead has a Value in Abacus Instrument. 

o   Every Lower Bead has Value 1 and Every Upper Bead has Value 5.

PLACE VALUE IN ABACUS:

o   The Place Value for every Number starts from right and moves towards left.

o   Every Bead in Abacus has Place Value depending upon the Rod at which the Bead is placed.

o   The Place Value of Beads which are placed in the Right Most Rod is 1.

o   The Place Value of Beads which are placed in the Rod which precedes Right Most Rod is 10.

o   Similarly, the Beads in the Rod which is Third from Right get Place Value 100, fourth from Right get 1000, Fifth from Right get 10000 etc.

For Example,

In the Number 1462,

          We typically denote the Place Value of 2 is One, 6 is ten, 4 is Hundred and 1 is Thousand.

          Likewise, In Abacus, we can represent this Number by arranging the beads in the following order.

·         2 Lower Beads to Answer Line in the right most rod

·         1 Lower Bead and 1 Upper Bead in the rod which is second from the right

·         4 Lower Beads in the rod which is third from the right

·         1 Lower Bead in the rod which is fourth from the right

NOTE:

 Beads Touching Answer Line Only Will Get Values

And the other

Beads Resting Inside The Rectangular Frame Get No Value.